Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, ukusetyenziswa kweizixhobo zokuvavanya ubushushu kunye nokufumaKwimimandla eyahlukeneyo iyanda ngakumbi nangakumbi, kwaye ubuchwepheshe buya bukhula ngakumbi nangakumbi. Kwiziseko ezininzi zokukhulisa amakhowa, igumbi ngalinye lamakhowa linomsebenzi wokulawula ubushushu obuqhubekayo, ukubulala iintsholongwane ngomphunga, ukuphefumla umoya njalo njalo. Phakathi kwazo, igumbi ngalinye lamakhowa lifakelwe iseti yenkqubo yolawulo oluzenzekelayo lokusingqongileyo, iteknoloji yesenzi sobushushu kunye nokufuma isetyenziswa kakhulu kolu hlobo lwezixhobo.
Njengoko sisazi, igumbi lefungus lineemfuno eziphezulu zokukhanya, ubushushu kunye nokufuma kwendalo, kunye nomxholo wokufuma kwingxowa yefungus. Ngokwesiqhelo, igumbi elinomphetho lixhotyiswe ngebhokisi yokulawula kwendalo eyahlukileyo, enoxanduva lokulawula ngokuzenzekelayo imeko yangaphakathi. Ibhokisi iphawulwe ngedatha efana nobushushu, ukufuma kunye noxinzelelo lwekhabhoni dioksayidi.
Phakathi kwazo, inani elimiselweyo lelona seti yedatha ilungileyo yokukhuthaza ukukhula kweefungi ezityiwayo; Enye ikholamu yokutshintsha iiNani, yidatha yexesha langempela legumbi lamakhowa. Nje ukuba igumbi liphambuke kwidatha emiselweyo, ibhokisi yokulawula iya kulungelelanisa ngokuzenzekelayo.
Ubushushu yeyona nto isebenzayo kwiimeko zokusingqongileyo, kwaye ikwayeyona nto inefuthe elikhulu kwimveliso, imveliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kweefungi ezityiwayo. Naluphi na uhlobo kunye nohlobo lokukhula kwe-mycelium lunoluhlu lwalo lobushushu bokukhula, uluhlu lobushushu bokukhula olufanelekileyo kunye nobushushu bokukhula obufanelekileyo, kodwa lukwanobushushu balo obuphezulu kunye nobushushu obuphantsi bokufa. Ekuveliseni iintlobo, ubushushu bokukhula bubekwe ngaphakathi koluhlu lobushushu bokukhula olufanelekileyo. Ngokubanzi, ukunyamezela kweefungi ezityiwayo kubushushu obuphezulu kuncinci kakhulu kunoko kubushushu obuphantsi. Iziphumo zibonise ukuba umsebenzi, ukukhula kunye nokumelana kweentlobo ezikhuliswe kubushushu obuphantsi bekuphezulu kunezo zikhuliswe kubushushu obuphezulu.
Ingxaki yobushushu obuphezulu ayilobushushu obuphantsi kodwa bubushushu obuphezulu. Kwinkcubeko yohlobo, ukukhula kwe-hypha kuye kwehla kakhulu okanye kuyeke emva kokuba ubushushu budlule umda ophezulu wobushushu obufanelekileyo bokukhula. Xa ubushushu buhla ukuya ekukhuleni kwayo, nangona i-mycelia inokuqhubeka nokukhula, kodwa, ixesha lokuma lenza isangqa sobushushu obuphezulu obutyheli okanye obumdaka obukhanyayo. Ukongeza, phantsi kweemeko zobushushu obuphezulu, ungcoliseko lweentlobo zebhaktheriya lwenzeka rhoqo.
Ngokubanzi, kwinqanaba lokukhula kwe-hyphae yefungus etyiwayo, umxholo wamanzi ofanelekileyo wezinto zokukhulisa izityalo ngokubanzi yi-60% ~ 65%, kwaye imfuneko yamanzi yomzimba ovelisa iziqhamo inkulu kwinqanaba lokwakheka. Ngenxa yokufuma kunye nokufunxwa kwemizimba evelisa iziqhamo, amanzi kwizinto zokukhulisa izityalo ayancipha rhoqo. Ukongeza, ukuba indlu yamakhowa inokugcina umswakama othile womoya, inokuthintela ukufuma okugqithisileyo kwamanzi kwinkcubeko. Ukongeza kumthamo wamanzi owaneleyo, iifungi ezityiwayo nazo zifuna umswakama othile womoya. Umswakama womoya ofanelekileyo wokukhula kwe-mycelium ngokubanzi yi-80% ~ 95%. Xa umswakama womoya ungaphantsi kwe-60%, umzimba we-oyster mushroom ovelisa iziqhamo uyayeka ukukhula. Xa umswakama womoya ungaphantsi kwe-45%, umzimba weziqhamo awusayi kuphinda wahluke, kwaye i-mushroom esencinci esele yahlukile iya koma ize ife. Ngoko ke umswakama womoya ubaluleke kakhulu ekulimeni iifungi ezityiwayo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Agasti-14-2020
