Yintoni ubungakanani bePore yeSintered Metal Filter?

Izihluzi zeSintered Metal: Isisombululo sePore-fect

Izihluzi zetsimbi ezidityanisiweyo, ezenziwe ngamasuntswana esinyithi adityaniswe kunye, zizixhobo eziyimfuneko kumashishini ahlukeneyo. Ulwakhiwo lwazo olukhethekileyo olunemingxuma, oluphawulwa ngeepores ezidityanisiweyo, lubenza bakwazi ukuhluza ngokufanelekileyo ulwelo kunye neegesi. Ubungakanani bezi pores, ezidla ngokulinganiswa ngeemicrons, yinto ebalulekileyo emisela ukusebenza kwesihluzi.

Apha siza kunye nawe kwihlabathi lobungakanani bepore kwizihluzo zetsimbi ezine-sintered. Siza kuphonononga ukuba ubungakanani bepore bumiselwa njani, impembelelo yayo ekusebenzeni kakuhle kokucoca, kunye nendima yayo ekuphuculeni ukhetho lokucoca kwizicelo ezithile.

Yintoni iSintered Metal Filter?

A isihluzo sesinyithi esine-sinteredsisixhobo sokuhluza esikhethekileyo esenziwe ngenkqubo yokuvelisa ebizwa ngokuba yi-sintering. Le nkqubo ibandakanya ukudibanisa i-powders yensimbi ibe yimo ethile kwaye emva koko ifudumale kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu-ngaphandle kokunyibilika kwezinto. Njengoko umgubo wesinyithi ufudunyezwa, amasuntswana ahlangana kunye, enze ulwakhiwo oluqinileyo, olunemingxuma elenza ezi zihluzo zisebenze kakhulu ukwahlula amasuntswana kulwelo okanye iigesi.

Inkqubo yeSintering

1.Ukulungiselela umgubo: Okokuqala, umgubo wesinyithi-owenziwe ngezinto ezifana nentsimbi engatyiwa, ubhedu, okanye ezinye iialloys-zikhethwe ngononophelo kwaye zilinganiswe ngokweempawu ezifunwayo zesihluzo.

2.Ukuhambelana: Umgubo wesinyithi olungisiweyo ucinezelwa kwimilo ethile, njengediski, ityhubhu, okanye ipleyiti, ukuze ihambelane nesicelo sokucoca.

3.Ukucula: Intsimbi edibeneyo ifudunyezwa kwindawo elawulwayo kwiqondo lokushisa elingaphantsi kwendawo yokunyibilika kwayo. Le nkqubo yokufudumeza ibangela ukuba amasuntswana adibane, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kubekho isakhiwo esiqinileyo kodwa esinemingxuma.

IiNzuzo eziPhambili zeSintered Metal Filters

*Ukuqina:

Izihluzi zetsimbi zentsimbi zidume ngokomelela kunye nokuqina kwazo. Bangakwazi ukunyamezela iimeko ezinzima, kubandakanywa ukushisa okuphezulu, uxinzelelo oluphezulu, kunye neekhemikhali ezinobundlongondlongo, ezibenza ukuba bafanelekele izicelo ezinzima zemizi-mveliso.

*Ukumelana nokuMhlwa:

Izihluzi ezininzi zetsimbi ezenziwe ngentsimbi zenziwe ngezinto ezifana nentsimbi engatyiwayo, exhathisa kakhulu ekudlekeni, eqinisekisa ukusebenza okuhlala ixesha elide nakwimeko ezingqongileyo.

*Ukusetyenziswa kwakhona:

Izihluzi zetsimbi ezisinkiweyo zihlala ziyilelwe ukuba zicocwe kwaye ziphinde zisetyenziswe amaxesha amaninzi, zinika enye indlela engabizi kakhulu kwaye enobuhlobo bokusingqongileyo kwizihluzi ezilahlwayo.

*Ulawulo lobungakanani obuchanekileyo:

Inkqubo ye-sintering ivumela ulawulo oluchanekileyo phezu kobungakanani bepore yesihluzi kunye nolwakhiwo, ivumela izisombululo zokucoca ngokwesiko ezilungiselelwe izicelo ezithile.

*Amaxabiso okuHamba okuphezulu:

Ngenxa yobume bawo obuvulekileyo, obunezingxobo, izihluzi zetsimbi ezisiyiweyo ziququzelela amazinga okuqukuqela okuphezulu, nto leyo enceda ekunciphiseni ukuhla koxinzelelo kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokucoca.

*Ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu:

Ezi zihluzo zenzelwe ukumelana namaqondo obushushu aphezulu ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa amandla abo omatshini okanye ukusebenza kakuhle kokucoca, okubenza bafaneleke kwiindawo ezitshisa kakhulu.

Ukuqonda ubungakanani bePore kuHluzo

Ubungakanani beporekumxholo wohluzo libhekisa kumndilili wedayamitha yemingxuma okanye i-voids ngaphakathi kwendawo yokucoca. Yiparameter ebalulekileyo emisela isakhono sesihluzo sokuthatha amasuntswana obungakanani obuthile.

Ukubaluleka kobungakanani bePore

*Ukuthatyathwa kweNgxelo:

Isihluzi esinobukhulu obuncinci bepore singabamba amasuntswana amancinci, ngelixa isihluzo esinobungakanani obukhulu bepore sivumela amasuntswana amakhulu ukuba adlule.

*UFanelo loHlulo:

Ubungakanani bepore buchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kakuhle kokucoca. Ubungakanani bepore encinci bukhokelela ekusebenzeni okuphezulu, kodwa kunokonyusa ukwehla koxinzelelo.

*Umgangatho wohambo:

Ubungakanani bepore bukwachaphazela izinga lokuhamba kolwelo ngesihluzo. Iisayizi ezinkulu zepore zivumela amazinga aphezulu okuhamba, kodwa zinokubeka esichengeni ukusebenza kakuhle kokucoca.

Ukulinganisa ubungakanani bePore

Ubungakanani bepore kwizihluzi zetsimbi ezisiyiweyo ziqheleke ukulinganiswa ngazoiimicrons(µm) okanyeiimicrometers. Imicron sisisigidi esinye semitha. Ngokulawula inkqubo ye-sintering, abavelisi banokuvelisa izihluzi ezinoluhlu olubanzi lobukhulu bepore, ukusuka kwii-microns ezimbalwa ukuya kumakhulu ama-microns.

Ubungakanani obuthile bepore obufunekayo kwisicelo esithile buxhomekeke kuhlobo lokungcola okuza kususwa kunye nenqanaba elifunwayo lokucoca kakuhle.

Bumiselwa njani ubungakanani bePore kwiiFiltered Metal Filtered?

Iubungakanani poreIsihluzo sesinyithi esine-sintered siphenjelelwa ikakhulu zizinto ezininzi:

*Ukwakheka kwezinto:Uhlobo lomgubo wesinyithi olusetyenzisiweyo kunye nokusabalalisa ubungakanani bamasuntswana alo buchaphazela kakhulu ubungakanani bokugqibela bepore.

*Ubushushu beSintering:Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu e-sintering ngokubanzi akhokelela kubungakanani obuncinci bepore njengoko amasuntswana esinyithi ebophana ngakumbi.

* Ixesha lokuphumla:Amaxesha amade e-sintering anokubangela ubungakanani bepore ezincinci.

*Uxinzelelo oluFanayo:Uxinzelelo olusetyenzisiweyo ngexesha lokuxinwa luchaphazela ukuxinana kwe powder yensimbi, nto leyo echaphazela ubungakanani bepore.

IiRange zoBubungakanani bePore

Izihluzi zetsimbi zentsimbi zinokwenziwa ngoluhlu olubanzi lobungakanani bepore, ngokuqhelekileyo ukusuka kwiimicrons ezimbalwa ukuya kumakhulu eemicrons. Ubungakanani obuthile bepore obufunekayo buxhomekeke kwisicelo.

Uvavanyo kunye nokulinganisa ubungakanani bePore

Zininzi iindlela ezisetyenziswayo ukumisela ubungakanani bepore yosasazo lwezihluzo zetsimbi ene-sintered:

1.UVavanyo lokuNgena komoya:

Le ndlela ilinganisa isantya sokuhamba komoya ngesihluzo kwindawo ethile yoxinzelelo. Ngokuhlalutya isantya sokuhamba, ubungakanani bepore obuphakathi bunokuqikelelwa.

2.UVavanyo lokuMqukuqela kolwelwe:

Ngokufana novavanyo lokungena komoya, le ndlela ilinganisa isantya sokuhamba kolwelo ngesihluzo.

3.Imakroskopi:

Ubuchule obufana nokuskena i-electron microscopy (SEM) inokusetyenziselwa ukujonga ngokuthe ngqo ubume bepore kunye nokulinganisa ubungakanani bepore nganye.

4.Uvavanyo lweNqaku leQela:

Le ndlela ibandakanya ukwanda kancinci kancinci koxinzelelo lolwelo ngapha kwecebo lokucoca de enze amaqamza. Uxinzelelo apho amaqamza avela khona lunxulumene neyona ndawo incinci yepore.

Ngokulawula ngononophelo inkqubo ye-sintering kunye nokusebenzisa iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokuvavanya, abavelisi banokuvelisa izihluzi zetsimbi ezine-sintered ezinobungakanani bepore obuchanekileyo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezithile zokuhluza.

IiRange zoBubungakanani bePore eziMgangatho kwiiFiltered Metal eziSintered

Izihluzi zetsimbi ezifakwe kwi-Sintered zifumaneka kuluhlu olubanzi lweepore, nganye ifanelekile kwizicelo ezithile. Nalu uluhlu lobungakanani bepore eqhelekileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo okuqhelekileyo:

*1-5µm:

Ezi sayizi zicolekileyo zepore zilungele ukuhluzwa okuchanekileyo okuphezulu, okufana nokuhluza iintsholongwane, iintsholongwane, kunye namanye amasuntswana amancinci. Ngokuqhelekileyo zisetyenziswa kumashishini amayeza, ezonyango, kunye ne-semiconductor.

*5-10µm:

Olu luhlu lufanelekile ukuhluzwa komgangatho ophakathi, ukususa amaqhekeza afana nothuli, i-pollen, kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolileyo zomoya. Zihlala zisetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zokuhluza umoya, iinjini ze-injini yegesi, kunye neenkqubo zamanzi.

*10-50µm:

Ezi sayizi zepore ezirhabaxa zisetyenziselwa ukuhluza okurhabaxa, ukususa amasuntswana amakhulu njengokungcola, isanti, kunye neetshiphusi zetsimbi. Ngokuqhelekileyo zisetyenziselwa iinkqubo zoshishino, ezifana nokuhluzwa kweoli kunye nokunyangwa kwamanzi.

*50µm nangaphezulu:

Ubukhulu oburhabaxa bepore busetyenziselwa ukuhluza kwangaphambili, ukususa inkunkuma enkulu ngaphambi kokuba bonakalise izihluzi ezisezantsi. Zihlala zisetyenziswa kwizicelo zoshishino ukukhusela iimpompo kunye neevalve.

Ukuchaneka okuphezulu vs

*UHlulo oluchanekileyo oluPhezulu:

Oku kubandakanya ukusebenzisa izihluzi ezinobungakanani bepore obucoleke kakhulu ukususa amasuntswana amancinane kakhulu. Ibalulekile kumashishini apho ukucoceka kwemveliso kunye nokucoceka kubaluleke kakhulu, njengamachiza, i-electronics, kunye ne-biotechnology.

*Uhluzo olurhabaxa:

Oku kubandakanya ukusebenzisa izihluzi ezinobukhulu obukhulu bepore ukususa amasuntswana amakhulu. Iqhele ukusetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zoshishino ukukhusela izixhobo kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo.

Ngokuqonda uluhlu oluhlukeneyo lobungakanani bepore kunye nezicelo zabo, unokukhetha isihluzo esifanelekileyo sesinyithi esine-sintered ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zakho zokucoca.

Ukubaluleka kokukhetha ubungakanani bePore obuLungileyo

Ubambe ngokuchanekileyo amanqaku aphambili malunga nokukhethwa kobungakanani bepore kwizihluzo zetsimbi ezisiyiweyo.

Ukwandisa ngakumbi ukuqonda kwesi sihloko, cinga ukongeza la manqaku ongezelelweyo:

1. Iingqwalasela eziKhethekileyo zokuSebenza:

*USabelo lobungakanani beNcam:

Ukusabalalisa ubungakanani beengqungquthela eziza kuhluzwa kufuneka zihlalutyelwe ukujonga ubungakanani obufanelekileyo bepore.

*I-Viscosity yolwelo:

I-viscosity yolwelo inokuchaphazela isantya sokuhamba ngesihluzo, ichaphazela ukhetho lobungakanani bepore.

*Iimeko zokusebenza:

Izinto ezinje ngeqondo lobushushu, uxinzelelo, kunye nemekobume eyonakalisayo inokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwesihluzi kunye nokhetho lwemathiriyeli.

2. UKhetho lweMedia yesihluzi:

*Ukuhambelana kwezinto:

Isixhobo sokucoca kufuneka sihambelane nolwelo oluhluzwayo ukuthintela ukubola okanye ukusabela kweekhemikhali.

*Ubunzulu besihluzi:

Izihluzi ezinzulu ezinemigangatho emininzi yesihluzi semidiya zinokubonelela ngokusulungekileyo okuphezulu, ngakumbi ukususwa kwenxalenye entle.

3. Ukucoca nokuGcina isihluzi:

*Iindlela zokucoca:

Ukhetho lwendlela yokucoca (umzekelo, ukuhlamba umva, ukucocwa kweekhemikhali) kunokuchaphazela ubomi bokucoca kunye nokusebenza.

*Ukutshintshwa kweSihluzo:

Ukutshintshwa rhoqo kwesihluzi kubalulekile ukugcina ukusebenza kakuhle kokucoca kunye nokuthintela umonakalo wenkqubo.

Ngokuqwalasela ngononophelo ezi zinto, iinjineli zinokukhetha eyona ifanelekileyo isihluzo sesinyithi esine-sintered kwisicelo sazo esithile, ukuqinisekisa ukuhluzwa okusebenzayo nokuthembekileyo.

Usetyenziso lwezihluzi zeSintered Metal eziSekwe kubungakanani bePore

Izihluzi zetsimbi zetsimbi zifumana usetyenziso oluxhaphakileyo kuwo wonke amashishini ahlukeneyo, ubukhulu bepore buyinto ebalulekileyo ekumiseleni ukufaneleka kwabo. Nazi ezinye izicelo eziphambili:

Izicelo zoShishino

UkuLungiswa kwemichiza:

1Uhluzo oluhle:Isetyenziselwa ukususa ukungcola kunye ne-catalysts kwiinkqubo zeekhemikhali.

2Uhluzo olurhabaxa:Isetyenziselwa ukukhusela iimpompo kunye neevalvu kwi-debris.

Ukutya kunye nesiselo:

1 Ukuhluzwa kwesiselo:Isetyenziselwa ukususa amasuntswana kunye ne-microorganisms kwibhiya, iwayini, kunye nezinye iziselo.

2Ukulungiswa kokutya:Isetyenziselwa ukucoca ioyile, iisyrups, kunye nezinye iimveliso zokutya.

Uhluzo lwezamayeza:

1Uhluzo oluyinyumba:Isetyenziselwa ukususa iibhaktheriya kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolileyo kwiimveliso zamachiza.

2Uhluzo lwengcaciso:Isetyenziselwa ukususa amasuntswana kunye nokungcola kwizisombululo zamachiza.

iiAutomotive kunye neAerospace Applications

*Ukuhluzwa kwamafutha:

Uhluzo oluhle:Isetyenziselwa ukususa ukungcola okunokonakalisa izitofu zamafutha kunye neenjini.

Uhluzo olurhabaxa:Isetyenziselwa ukukhusela iimpompo zamafutha kunye neetanki kwi-debris.

*Ukuhluzwa kweoyile:

Ukuhluzwa kwe-oyile ye-injini:Isetyenziselwa ukususa ukungcola okunokunciphisa ukusebenza kwe-injini kunye nobomi.

Ukuhluzwa kweoli yeHydraulic:Isetyenziselwa ukukhusela iinkqubo ze-hydraulic ekugugeni kunye nokukrazula.

*Usetyenziso lweAerospace:

Ukuhluzwa kwamafutha kunye nolwelo olwenziwa ngamanzi:

Isetyenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kweenkqubo ezibalulekileyo kwiinqwelomoya kunye ne-spacecraft.

UHlelo lwaManzi neGesi

*Ukuhluzwa kwamanzi:

Uhluzo lwangaphambili:Isetyenziselwa ukususa amaqhekeza amakhulu kunye nenkunkuma kwimithombo yamanzi.

Uhluzo oluhle:Isetyenziselwa ukususa izinto eziqinileyo, iibhaktheriya, kunye nezinye izinto ezingcolisayo.

*Uhluzo lwerhasi:

Uhluzo lomoya:Isetyenziselwa ukususa uthuli, ipollen, kunye namanye amasuntswana asemoyeni.

Ukucocwa kwegesi:Isetyenziselwa ukususa ukungcola kwiigesi zamashishini.

Ukukhetha ubungakanani bePore kuwo wonke usetyenziso

Ukhetho lobungakanani bepore yesihluzo sentsimbi esisiyiweyo siyahluka ngokusekwe kwisicelo. Eminye imiba ephambili enefuthe ekukhetheni ubungakanani bepore ibandakanya:

*Ubungakanani obungcolileyo kunye nohlobo:Ubungakanani kunye nendalo yamasuntswana aza kususwa amisela ubungakanani obufunekayo bepore.

*I-viscosity yolwelo:I-viscosity yolwelo inokuchaphazela isantya sokuhamba ngesihluzo, ichaphazela ukhetho lobungakanani bepore.

*Isantya sokuhamba esifunekayo:Isayizi enkulu yepore ivumela amazinga aphezulu okuhamba, kodwa inokuthi ibeke esichengeni ukusebenza kakuhle kokucoca.

*Uxinzelelo lwehla:Ubungakanani bepore encinci bunokonyusa ukwehla koxinzelelo kwisihluzi, nto leyo enokuchaphazela ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamandla.

Ngokuqwalasela ngononophelo ezi zinto, iinjineli zinokukhetha ubungakanani bepore obufanelekileyo kwisicelo esinikiweyo, ukuqinisekisa ukuhluzwa okusebenzayo nokuthembekileyo.

Izinto eziluncedo zokuSebenzisa izihluzi zeMetal eziSintered ezinobungakanani bePore obuthile

Izihluzi zetsimbi zetsimbi zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi, ngakumbi xa ubukhulu bepore bukhethwe ngononophelo:

*Ukuqina kunye nexesha elide:

Izihluzi zetsimbi ezisiyiweyo zomelele kakhulu kwaye ziyakwazi ukumelana neemeko zokusebenza ezirhabaxa, kubandakanywa amaqondo obushushu aphezulu, uxinzelelo, kunye nemekobume eyonakalisayo.

*Ukumelana noBubushushu kunye nokuMdla:

Izihluzi ezininzi zetsimbi ezenziwe ngentsimbi zenziwe ngezinto ezifana nentsimbi engatyiwayo kunye ne-nickel alloys, ebonisa ukumelana nobushushu kunye nokudleka.

*Ukucocwa okuLula kunye noLondolozo:

Izihluzi zetsimbi ezisinki ziyakwazi ukucocwa lula kwaye ziphinde zisetyenziswe, ukunciphisa iindleko zokusebenza.

*Uzinzo Phantsi kweeMeko zokuSebenza eziBabekileyo:

Ezi zihluzi ziyakwazi ukugcina ingqibelelo yazo yesakhiwo kunye nokusebenza kokucoca phantsi kweemeko ezinzima, ezifana nokushisa okuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo.

*Ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso kweeMfuno eziKhethekileyo zoHluzo:

Ngokulawula inkqubo ye-sintering, abavelisi banokuvelisa izihluzi ezinoluhlu olubanzi lobungakanani bepore, okwenza kube lula ukulungiselela iimfuno ezithile zokucoca.

Imingeni ekukhetheni ubungakanani bePore eLungileyo

Ngelixa izihluzi zetsimbi zentsimbi zibonelela ngezibonelelo ezininzi, kukho imiceli mngeni eyayanyaniswa nokukhetha ubungakanani bepore obufanelekileyo:

*Ithuba lokuvala okanye ukonakala:

Ukuba ubungakanani bepore buncinci kakhulu, isihluzo sinokuvaleka ngamasuntswana, sinciphise isantya sokuhamba kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokucoca.

*Ukulungelelanisa ukusebenza kunye neNdleko kunye nobomi obude:

Ukukhetha isihluzi esinobungakanani bepore entle kakhulu kunokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kohluzo kodwa kunokonyusa ukwehla koxinzelelo kunye nokunciphisa umyinge wokuhamba. Kubalulekile ukulungelelanisa le miba ukwandisa ukusebenza kunye nokunciphisa iindleko.

*Ukukhethwa kwezinto:

Ukhetho lwemathiriyeli yentsimbi ene-sintered inokuchaphazela kakhulu ukusebenza kwesihluzi, ixabiso kunye nokuqina. Insimbi engenasici lukhetho oludumileyo lokumelana nokubola kunye namandla, kodwa ezinye izinto ezifana ne-bronze kunye ne-nickel alloys zinokufaneleka ngakumbi kwizicelo ezithile.

Ukuqukumbela

Ubungakanani bepore yesihluzo sesinyithi esine-sintered yinto ebalulekileyo emisela ukusebenza kwayo kokucoca.

Ngokuqonda ubudlelwane phakathi kobungakanani bepore, isantya sokuqukuqela, kunye nokuhla koxinzelelo, iinjineli

bangakhetha esona sihluzo sesicelo sabo esithile.

Ngelixa izihluzi zetsimbi zentsimbi zibonelela ngeenzuzo ezininzi, kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ngononophelo

izinto ezifana nobukhulu bepore, ukhetho lwempahla, kunye neemeko zokusebenza.

Ukuba awuqinisekanga malunga nobukhulu bepore kwisicelo sakho, kuyacetyiswa ukuba udibane nayo

iingcali zokuhluza ezinokubonelela ngesikhokelo kunye neengcebiso.

Ii-FAQs

I-Q1: Yeyiphi eyona sayizi incinci yepore ekhoyo kwizihluzo zetsimbi ezisinkiweyo?

Izihluzi zetsimbi ezisiyiweyo zinokuveliswa ezinobungakanani bepore buncinci njengeemicrons ezimbalwa.

Nangona kunjalo, ubukhulu bepore obuncinci obunokufezekiswa buxhomekeke kumgubo othile wesinyithi kunye nenkqubo ye-sintering.

I-Q2: Ngaba izihluzi zetsimbi zetsimbi zingenziwa ngokwezifiso zobukhulu obuthile bepore?

Ewe, izihluzi zetsimbi zetsimbi zinokwenziwa ngokwezifiso zobukhulu obuthile bepore ngokulawula inkqubo yokucoca,

njengobushushu, ixesha, noxinzelelo.

I-Q3: Ubungakanani bepore buchaphazela njani ukuhla koxinzelelo kwinkqubo yokucoca?

Ubungakanani obuncinci bepore bukhokelela kuxinzelelo oluphezulu lwehla kwisihluzi.

Oku kungenxa yokuba imingxuma emincinci inqanda ukuhamba kolwelo, ifuna uxinzelelo olungaphezulu lokunyanzela ulwelo kwisihluzo.

I-Q4: Ngaba izihluzi zetsimbi zetsimbi zingasetyenziswa kwizicelo zobushushu obuphezulu?

Ewe, izihluzo zetsimbi ezenziwe ngesinyithi ezenziwe ngemathiriyeli yobushushu obuphezulu njengentsimbi engatyiwa kunye ne-nickel alloys.

ingasetyenziswa kwizicelo zobushushu obuphezulu.

Umda othile wokushisa uxhomekeke kwizinto zokucoca kunye neemeko zokusebenza.

Ukuba nawe unombuzo wePore Ubungakanani beisihluzo sesinyithi esine-sintered, okanye uthanda kwi-OEM yobungakanani obukhethekileyo bentsimbi yokucoca intsimbi okanye izinto ze

inkqubo yakho yokucoca, nceda uzive ukhululekile ukuqhagamshelana nathi nge-imeyileka@hengko.com