IJonga loBubushushu kunye nokufuma kwiLimo lamaKhowa ?

IJonga loBubushushu kunye nokufuma kwiLimo lamaKhowa ?

Abalimi bamakhowa baya kuthi yonke into oyifunayo yigumbi elimnyama lokukhulisa amakhowa, kodwa ubushushu kunye nokufuma kudlala indima ephambili malunga nokuba amakhowa aya kuvelisa umzimba weziqhamo.Umgquba ongagqitywanga ngokuqinisekileyo uya kuvelisa ubushushu obuninzi kwiqhosha lekhowa kwaye liya kubulala i-mycelium.

Umthamo wamanzi wamakhowa uphezulu kakhulu, kwaye malunga ne-90% yefungus ngamanzi.Iimeko zokufuma okuphezulu ziimeko ezilungileyo kakhulu zokukhula komngundo.Kwizinzwa zobushushu kunye nokufuma, nangona kunjalo, ukufuma okuphezulu (> 95 % RH) iindawo ezingqongileyo kunye nosulelo oluphuma kwi-spores yokungunda ekhutshiweyo kunye ne-fungal hyphae (mycelium) yimingeni enzima kakhulu.Ngoko ke, zombiniizinzwa zobushushu kunye nokufumakunye nezinzwa zegesi zokulima amakhowa kwishishini kufuneka zixhathise ukungcoliseka kwaye kwangaxeshanye zilinganise ngokuchanekileyo nangokuthembeka phantsi kweemeko zokufuma okuphezulu.

Kunzima ukusebenzela inzwa yokufuma kwiqondo lokushisa eliphezulu.I-HENGKO iqondo lobushushu kunye nenzwa yokufuma ithatha iqokobhe lenzwa yokufuma engangeni manzi kwaye iya kugcina amanzi ukuba angangeni emzimbeni wenzwa kwaye ayonakalise, kodwa ivumela umoya ukuba udlule ukuze ikwazi ukulinganisa ukufuma (ukufuma) kokusingqongileyo.

Amakhowa afunxa ioksijini eninzi njengoko ekhula aze akhuphe ikharbon diokside.Iifektri zamakhowa ubukhulu becala ziindibano zocweyo ezivaliweyo, kwaye ukuba amanqanaba ecarbon dioxide aphezulu kakhulu, ukukhula kwamakhowa kuya kuchaphazeleka.Ngoko ke, ekulinyweni kwangempela kwamakhowa, i-carbon dioxide sensors kufuneka ifakwe ukulinganisa i-carbon dioxide.Ukuba ugxininiso ludlula umgangatho, umoya wokungena umoya unokuqhutywa okanye unyango olufike ngexesha.

Indlela yokulawula ukufuma kwifama ye-mushroom?

Ukulawula ukufuma kwifama yamakhowa kubalulekile ukuze ulinywe ngempumelelo.Nazi iindlela eziqhele ukusetyenziswa ukugcina awona manqanaba okufuma afanelekileyo:

1. Ukwenza inkungu nokutshiza:

Ukugqunywa rhoqo okanye ukutshizwa kwamanzi kwindawo ekhulayo kunceda ukonyusa ukufuma.Oku kunokwenziwa ngesandla kusetyenziswa izitshizi eziphathwa ngesandla okanye iinkqubo ezizisebenzelayo ezikhupha amanzi ngamaxesha amisiweyo.Kubalulekile ukusabalalisa amanzi ngokulinganayo ukuphepha ukufuma okugqithisileyo kwiindawo ezithile.

2. Ukungenisa umoya kunye noTshintsho loMoya:

Ukungena komoya okufanelekileyo kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekulawuleni ukufuma.Ngokulawula ukuhamba komoya kunye nokutshintshiselana komoya osele kunye nomoya omtsha, unokuthintela ukwakheka kokufuma okugqithisileyo.Iinkqubo zokungenisa umoya ezixhotyiswe ngeefeni kunye neendawo zokungenisa umoya zinceda ukususa ukufuma okugqithisileyo kunye nokugcina inqanaba lokufuma elilinganayo.

3. Izifudumezi:

I-Humidifiers zizixhobo ezilungiselelwe ngokukodwa ukwandisa amanqanaba okufuma.Basebenza ngokukhulula ukufuma emoyeni, ukunceda ukugcina uluhlu olufunwayo lokufuma.Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zezifudumezi, ezifana ne-ultrasonic, i-evaporative, okanye i-humidifiers yomphunga, inokusetyenziswa ngokusekelwe kubukhulu befama kunye neemfuno ezithile.

4. Ulawulo lweSubstrate kunye naManzi:

Ulawulo olululo lokufuma kwesubstrate lubalulekile ekugcineni ukufuma.Iibhedi zamakhowa okanye ii-substrates kufuneka zifakwe emanzini ngokwaneleyo kwaye zibekwe esweni ukuthintela ukomisa okanye ukuba manzi kakhulu.Ukunkcenkceshelwa rhoqo okanye ukutyunjwa kwe-substrate kunceda ukugcina umthamo ofunekayo wokufuma.

5. IiNkqubo zokuHlola nokuLawula ukufuma:

Ukufakela ukujongwa kobumanzi kunye neenkqubo zokulawula kunokwenza inkqubo yokugcina uluhlu olufanelekileyo lokufuma.Ezi nkqubo zisebenzisa abenzi boluvo ukulinganisa amanqanaba okufuma kunye nokulungelelanisa i-misting, umoya, okanye imisebenzi ye-humidifier ngokufanelekileyo.Baqinisekisa ulawulo oluchanekileyo kunye nokubonelela ngokubeka iliso ngexesha langempela kwiimeko zokufuma.

6. I-Insulation kunye ne-Enclosure:

Ukufakwa ngokufanelekileyo kwifama ye-mushroom kunceda ukugcina ukufuma kunye nokulawula amanqanaba okufuma.Ukuqinisekisa ukuba indawo ekhulayo ivalwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ifakwe i-insulated kunciphisa impembelelo yezinto zangaphandle kumswakama, ezifana neemeko zomoya ophantsi okanye ukuhamba komoya ophuma ngaphandle.

Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba iindidi ezahlukeneyo zamakhowa zinokuba neemfuneko ezithile zokufuma.Ukuqonda iimfuno ezithile zohlobo lwamakhowa alinyiweyo kunye nokulungelelanisa iindlela zokulawula ukufuma ngokufanelekileyo kubalulekile ukuze ulinywe ngempumelelo.Ukubeka iliso rhoqo kumanqanaba okufuma kunye nokwenza uhlengahlengiso oluyimfuneko ngokusekelwe kwinqanaba lokukhula kwamakhowa kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokukhula kunye nesivuno.

Zeziphi izinto oFumana uzikhathalele ULibeka nini iliso iqondo lobushushu kunye nokufuma kwiLimo lamaKhowa?

Ukuba Ubeka iliso kwiqondo lokushisa kunye nokufuma ekulinyweni kwamakhowa, izinto ezininzi kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ukuqinisekisa iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokukhula.Ezi zinto ziquka:

1. Uluhlu lobushushu:

Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zamakhowa zinokhetho oluthile lobushushu ekukhuleni kwazo.Kubalulekile ukubeka iliso kunye nokugcina ubushushu phakathi koluhlu olucetyiswayo lolo hlobo lwamakhowa alinywayo.Ukuguquguquka okukhawulezileyo kobushushu okanye ukuba sesichengeni ixesha elide kumaqondo obushushu agqithisileyo kunokuchaphazela kakubi ukukhula kunye nesivuno samakhowa.

2. Ukufuma okunxulumeneyo:

Amakhowa akhula kakuhle kwindawo enamanqanaba athile okufuma.Ukubeka iliso kunye nokulawula ukufuma okuhambelanayo kubalulekile ukudala i-microclimate efanelekileyo yokulinywa kwamakhowa.Ukugcina ukufuma phakathi koluhlu olucetyiswayo kunceda ukukhuthaza iziqhamo ezifanelekileyo, ukuthintela ukomisa okanye ukufuma okugqithisileyo, kunye nokunciphisa umngcipheko wezifo zefungal.

3. Utshintshiselwano loMoya:

Ukujikeleza komoya okufanelekileyo kunye notshintshiselwano lubalulekile ekulawuleni ubushushu kunye nokufuma.Umoya omileyo unokukhokelela ekukhuleni kokufuma, ukwakhiwa kwe-CO2, kunye nokunciphisa amanqanaba e-oksijini, angathandekiyo ekukhuleni kwamakhowa.Ukubeka iliso kunye nokuqinisekisa ukutshintshiselana komoya okwaneleyo kunceda ukugcina indawo entsha kunye ne-oxygen.

4. Inqanaba lokuKhula:

Iimfuno zobushushu kunye nokufuma kwamakhowa zinokuhluka ngokuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lokukhula kwawo.Ngokomzekelo, isigaba sokuqala se-colonization sinokufuna amanqanaba aphezulu okufuma, ngelixa i-fruiting okanye izigaba zokubunjwa kwamakhowa zinokufuna uhlengahlengiso oluthile lobushushu kunye nokufuma.Kubalulekile ukubeka iliso kunye nokulungelelanisa iimeko ngokufanelekileyo njengoko amakhowa eqhubela phambili kwizigaba ezahlukeneyo zokukhula.

5. Ukungenisa umoya:

Ukungena komoya okufanelekileyo kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni amaqondo obushushu kunye nokufuma.Inceda ukususa ubushushu obugqithisileyo, ilawule ukufuma, kwaye izalise umoya omtsha.Iinkqubo zokubeka iliso zokungenisa umoya, ezifana neefeni okanye ii-air vents, ziqinisekisa ukuhamba komoya kakuhle kwaye zithintela ukuqokelelwa komoya omileyo okanye ukufuma okugqithisileyo.

6. Iiyantlukwano zamaxesha onyaka:

Utshintsho lwexesha lonyaka lunokuchaphazela kakhulu ubushushu kunye nokufuma ekulinyweni kwamakhowa.Ukuguquguquka kwamaqondo obushushu angaphandle kunye namanqanaba ahlukeneyo okufuma kunokuchaphazela imeko ekhulayo yangaphakathi.Ukubeka esweni olu tshintsho kunye nokwenza uhlengahlengiso oluyimfuneko, olufana ne-insulation okanye iinkqubo zokulawula imozulu, kunceda ukuhlawulela utshintsho lwamaxesha onyaka kunye nokugcina iimeko zokukhula ezingaguqukiyo.

Ukubeka iliso rhoqo ubushushu kunye nokufuma, kunye nohlengahlengiso olungexesha, kuvumela abalimi ukuba benze indawo efanelekileyo yokulinywa kwamakhowa.Ngokugcina iimeko ezifanelekileyo, ikhuthaza ukukhula okunempilo, inciphisa ingozi yezifo, kwaye yandisa isivuno kunye nomgangatho wamakhowa avuniweyo.

Ngaba unganceda ukwazisa inkqubo yokulawula ukufuma ekukhuleni kwamakhowa ?

Ngokuqinisekileyo!Nazi iindlela ezimbalwa zokulawula ukufuma ezidla ngokusetyenziswa ekukhuliseni amakhowa:

1. Iinkqubo zenkungu ezizihambelayo kunye nenkungu:Ezi nkqubo zisebenzisa amaxesha okanye abenzi boluvo ukwenza ngokuzenzekelayo ukukhutshwa kwenkungu entle okanye inkungu kwindawo ekhulayo.Banceda ukugcina amanqanaba okufuma afunwayo ngokubonelela ngamaxesha athile umthamo olawulwayo wokufuma.Iinkqubo ezizenzekelayo zenkungu kunye nenkungu ziqinisekisa ulawulo lokufuma olungaguqukiyo nolusebenzayo, ngakumbi kwimisebenzi yokukhulisa amakhowa.

2. Izifudumezi:Izinto zokufuma zizixhobo eziyilelwe ngokukodwa ukwandisa amanqanaba okufuma kwindawo evalelweyo.Bakhulula ukufuma emoyeni, kunceda ukugcina uluhlu olufunwayo lokufuma.Iindidi ezahlukeneyo ze-humidifiers, ezifana ne-ultrasonic, i-evaporative, okanye i-humidifiers yomphunga, inokusetyenziswa ngokusekelwe kubukhulu befama kunye neemfuno ezithile.Ii-humidifiers zihlala zisetyenziswa ngokubambisana nezilawuli zokufuma ukulawula amanqanaba okufuma ngokuchanekileyo.

3. IiNkqubo zokuPhumelela komoya kunye noTshintsho loMoya:Ukungena komoya ngendlela eyiyo kubalulekile ekulawuleni ukufuma ekukhuleni kwamakhowa.Iinkqubo zokungenisa umoya ezixhotyiswe ngeefeni kunye neendawo zokungenisa umoya zinceda ukususa ukufuma okugqithisileyo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukutshintshiselana komoya okufanelekileyo.Ngokuvumela umoya odala ukuba uthatyathelw’ indawo ngumoya omtsha, ezi nkqubo zithintela ukwakheka kokufuma okugqithisileyo kwaye zigcine imeko-bume ekhulayo elungeleleneyo.

4. Izinto zokususa umswakama:Kwezinye iimeko, iifama ze-mushroom zinokufumana amanqanaba okufuma okugqithisileyo ngenxa yezinto zangaphandle okanye ukufuma okuphezulu.I-Dehumidifiers isetyenziselwa ukususa ukufuma okugqithisileyo emoyeni kunye nokulawula amanqanaba okufuma.Ziluncedo kakhulu kwimimandla enomswakama ophezulu okanye ngamaxesha athile onyaka xa ulawulo lokufuma luba lucelomngeni.

5. I-Insulation kunye ne-Enclosure:Ukugquma okufanelekileyo kwendawo ekhulayo kunceda ukugcina ukufuma kunye nokulawula amanqanaba okufuma.Ukuqinisekisa ukuba ifama yeekhowa ivalwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye igqunyiwe kunciphisa impembelelo yezinto zangaphandle kumswakama, ezifana neemeko zomoya ezingqongileyo okanye ukuqukuqela komoya ophuma ngaphandle.Amagumbi akhulayo afakwe kakuhle anceda ukugcina indawo ezinzileyo kunye nokulawulwayo, ukunciphisa imfuno yamanyathelo okulawula ukufuma okugqithisileyo.

Kubalulekile ukuvavanya iimfuno ezithile zokucwangciswa kokulima kwakho amakhowa kwaye udibane neengcali okanye ababoneleli ukuze baqinisekise eyona nkqubo ifanelekileyo yokulawula ukufuma kwifama yakho.

Ke, ukuba uyenzile ukuLima kweMushroom, ungazama iTemperature yethu kunye nokuHumidity Monitor, kholelwa ukuba uya kufumana ngaphezulu kunye neMushroom eNgcono.

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