Ukusila kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kushishino lokuvelisa, okuvumela ukuveliswa kwezinto ezintsonkothileyo nezihlala ixesha elide. Ukuqonda iziseko zokusila kubalulekile kwiinjineli, abaphandi, kunye nabantu abathanda izinto ezifanayo. Eli nqaku lijolise ekujongeni ingcamango yokusila, ukuphonononga inkqubo yayo, ukuxoxa ngezicelo zayo, kunye nokugxininisa iingenelo kunye nemida yayo.
Yintoni iSintering?
Ukusila yinkqubo equka ukubumba izinto ezicoliweyo zibe yingqokelela eqinileyo ngokusebenzisa ubushushu. Ngokungafaniyo neenkqubo zokunyibilika zemveli, ukusila akufikeleli kwinqanaba lokunyibilika kwezinto. Endaweni yoko, kusebenzisa ukusasazeka kweeathom kuzo zonke iinxalenye, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubopheleleni nasekuxinaneni. Le nkqubo iphumela kwisakhiwo esiqinileyo esineempawu eziphuculweyo zoomatshini.
Ukusinta kukwanomqondo obanzi nomncinci. Ngokwengqiqo ebanzi, ukusinta yinkqubo apho umgubo okhululekileyo uhlanganiswa ube ziibhloko ngamandla aqinileyo okubophelela kubushushu obuthile. Kodwa ukusinta kwicandelo lokwenza isinyithi yinkqubo edibanisa umgubo we-iron ore kunye nezinye izinto ezine-iron kwibhloko yokwenziwa eyenziweyo esebenza kakuhle nge-metallurgical ngokudityaniswa, imveliso yayo yi-sinter. Zibandakanya iinkqubo ezahlukeneyo ze-physicochemical Nangona bobabini basebenzisa igama elithi ukusinta.
Inkqubo Yokuhombisa
Inkqubo yokusila inamanqanaba aliqela. Ekuqaleni, izinto ezikrwada zenziwa zibe yimo ethile, ngokuqhelekileyo ngendlela yomgubo. Lo mgubo emva koko uqiniswa kusetyenziswa uxinzelelo ukuqinisekisa ukufana nokususa izithuba. Okulandelayo, izinto eziqinisiweyo zifakwa ekufudumaleni okulawulwayo kwisithando sokusila. Ubushushu bulawulwa ngononophelo ukuze kube lula ukubopha amasuntswana ngaphandle kokubangela ukunyibilika ngokupheleleyo. Ngexesha lokufudumeza, amasuntswana ayasasazeka, nto leyo ekhokelela ekwakhekeni kwentamo kunye nokuqina. Inqanaba lokugqibela libandakanya ukupholisa imveliso eqinisiweyo, ivumela ukuba iqine ibe yisakhiwo esiqinileyo nesidibeneyo.
Ukucoca umgubo esasisithi yi-metal powder okanye i-powder compact. Yinkqubo yobugcisa yokufumana izinto okanye imveliso ngamandla afunekayo kunye neempawu ezikhethekileyo ngenxa yokubopha okubonakalayo kunye neekhemikhali phakathi kwamasuntswana kubushushu obungaphantsi kwendawo yokunyibilika kwenxalenye ephambili. I-HENGKO inoluhlu lweemveliso zokucoca umgubo zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeenkcukacha kunye nobukhulu kubandakanyaisihluzi sediski, isihluzi sekomityi,isihluzo sekhandlela,isihluzi seshitinjalo njalo. Imveliso yethu yentsimbi engagqwaliyo eqhumayo inenzuzo yokuba namandla aphezulu, iyakwazi ukungena kakuhle, iyakwazi ukuhluza ngokuchanekileyo kwaye iyakwazi ukumelana nokugqwala, ifanelekile kwiindawo ezininzi. Inkonzo eyenzelwe wena nayo iya kubonelelwa njengoko ucelile.
Inyathelo ngalinye kwinkqubo yokusila lihambelana, kwaye ukugxila linyathelo elibaluleke kakhulu kwinkqubo yokusila, ngoko ke kuthetha ukuthini ukugxila? Ukugxila linyathelo elithatha inyathelo lokuphucula izinto eziluhlaza kunye nepetroli, okwenza kube ngumthwalo wesithando ohlangabezana neemfuno zokuqinisa ukucocwa kwesithando somlilo ngaphambi kokuba izinto eziluhlaza kunye nepetroli zingene kwisithando somlilo. Izalathisi eziphezulu zobugcisa kunye noqoqosho kunye neenzuzo zoqoqosho zinokufunyanwa emva kokuba ukugxila kusetyenziswe ekunyibilikiseni isithando somlilo. Okubizwa ngokuba "sebenzisa yonke into kakuhle" kwaye usebenzise izixhobo kakuhle. Kwakhona luhlobo lolwazi lokonga kunye nokukhuselwa kwendalo.
Izinto Ezichaphazela Ukusila
Izinto ezininzi zichaphazela inkqubo yokusila, kuquka ubushushu, izinga lokufudumeza, uxinzelelo, ubungakanani besuntswana, kunye nokwakheka. Ubushushu budlala indima ebalulekileyo ekumiseleni i-kinetics yokusila kunye neempawu zezinto eziphumayo. Izinga lokufudumeza lichaphazela inkqubo yokuxinana, njengoko ukufudumeza ngokukhawuleza kunokukhokelela ekubopheleleni kwesuntswana okungalinganiyo. Uxinzelelo lusetyenziswa ngexesha lokuxinana ukuphucula ukuhlelwa kwakhona kwesuntswana kunye nokususa ukubola. Ubungakanani besuntswana kunye nokwakheka kuchaphazela ukuziphatha kokusila, kunye nesuntswana ezincinci kunye nokwakheka okufanayo okukhuthaza ukuxinana okungcono.
Ngokwembono yokwenyani yegama elithi sintering, igama elithi burning lithetha umlilo, kufuneka kubekho ilangatye elihamba nobushushu obuphezulu. Kwaye inkqubo yo sintering kufuneka yenziwe kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu. Ubushushu obuphezulu benziwa kukutshiswa kwepetroli. Uluhlu lobushushu, isantya sokutshisa, ububanzi bebhendi yokutshisa, umoya okwizinto ezisintering, njl.njl. kuya kuchaphazela inkqubela phambili yenkqubo yo sintering kunye nomgangatho weemveliso zokugqibela ezisintering. Kwaye ezo zinto zinxulumene neempawu zomzimba nezekhemikhali zepetroli kunye nomthamo. Ke ngoko, iimpawu zomzimba nezekhemikhali zepetroli zizinto ezibalulekileyo ezichaphazela inkqubo yo sintering.
Isifaniso into ayinakwenzeka ngaphandle kwesiseko eziphila kuso. Ipetroli kunye nezinto ezikrwada zifana nolusu kwaye umthi onobudlelwane awunakuthintelwa. Ngaphandle kwale nxalenye, inkqubo yokusila ayinakwenzeka. Kodwa ipetroli ekrwada ibhekisa ikakhulu ekutshisweni kwepetroli eqinileyo kumaleko wezinto. Eyona isetyenziswa kakhulu yi-coke powder ecoliweyo kunye ne-anthracite, njl. Izinto ezikrwada ezikrwada, ikakhulu zine-iron ore, i-manganese ore, i-solvent, ipetroli kunye nenkunkuma yemizi-mveliso.
Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokuSintering
Ukusinta kuquka iindlela ezahlukeneyo ezihlulwe ngokweendlela kunye neemeko ezibandakanyekayo kule nkqubo. Ukuqonda iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zokusinta kubalulekile ekukhetheni indlela efanelekileyo kwizicelo ezithile. Nazi ezinye zeentlobo eziqhelekileyo zokusinta:
1 Ukucoca i-Solid-State
Ukusinta okuqinileyo, okwaziwa ngokuba yi-diffusion bonding, yindlela yokusinta esetyenziswa kakhulu. Kule nkqubo, izinto ezicoliweyo zifakwa kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu angaphantsi kwamanqanaba azo okunyibilika. Njengoko ubushushu busanda, ukusasazeka kweeathomu kwenzeka phakathi kwee-particles ezikufutshane, nto leyo eyenza kube lula ukwakheka kweentamo kunye nokusinta. Ukususwa kwee-voids kunye nokuhlelwa kwakhona kwee-particles kukhokelela ekuxinaniseni nasekubunjweni kwe-solid mass.
Ukusila okuqinileyo kusetyenziswa kakhulu ekuveliseni izinto zodongwe, ezifana ne-porcelain kunye ne-alumina, kunye nokusila iipowder zesinyithi. Kuyathandwa xa kugcinwa ukwakheka kweekhemikhali kunye nobunyulu bezinto kubalulekile. Ngokulawula ngononophelo iiparameter zokusila, ezifana nobushushu, ixesha, kunye noxinzelelo, iimpawu zezinto ezifunekayo zinokufezekiswa.
2 Ukucoca iSigaba soLwelo
Ukusila ngesigaba solwelo kubandakanya ukongezwa kwesigaba solwelo ukunceda ekuhlengahlengisweni kwakhona kwamasuntswana kunye nokubopha ngexesha lenkqubo yokusila. Isigaba solwelo, esidla ngokuba sisixhobo esincibilikayo esisezantsi, sisebenza njengesihlanganisi okanye i-flux, sinciphisa ubushushu bokusila obufunekayo ukuze kuxinane. Le ndlela iluncedo ngakumbi xa kusenziwa izinto zokusila ezinamaqondo aphezulu okunyibilika okanye xa kufunwa ukonyusa izinga loxinano.
Ngexesha lokusila ulwelo-phase, isigaba solwelo sisasazeka phakathi kwee-particles, sikhuthaza ukuhlelwa kwakhona kwee-particles kwaye siphucula ukwakheka kwentamo kunye nokuqina kwayo. Ubukho besigaba solwelo bukwavumela ukususwa kokungcola kwaye buququzelela ukusila kwezinto ezinee-compositions ezintsonkothileyo.
Ukusila okwenziwa nge-liquid-phase kudla ngokusetyenziswa ekuveliseni ii-carbides ezifakwe isamente, apho amasuntswana e-tungsten carbide adityaniswa khona kusetyenziswa i-cobalt-based binder. Kukwasetyenziswa ekusila izinto ezithile ze-ceramics kunye ne-metallic alloys, ezifana nentsimbi engagqwaliyo.
3 Ukucoca Okusebenzayo
I-activated sintering, eyaziwa ngokuba yi-field-assisted sintering okanye i-spark plasma sintering, yindlela entsha yoku-sinter esebenzisa imithombo yamandla yangaphandle ukukhuthaza uxinano. Ibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwentsimi yombane, umbane wombane, okanye imitha ye-electromagnetic ukuphucula inkqubo yoku-sintering.
Umthombo wamandla wangaphandle ukhawulezisa ukusasazeka kweeathom, nto leyo ekhokelela ekwakhekeni kwentamo ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuqina. Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ombane kuvelisa ubushushu bendawo, kunciphisa ixesha lokusila kwaye kuvumela ukusila kwezinto kumaqondo obushushu aphantsi. Le ndlela inika iingenelo ezinje ngokuphuculwa kokuqina, ukukhula okunciphileyo kweenkozo, kunye nolawulo oluphuculweyo kwisakhiwo se-microstructure kunye neempawu.
I-activated sintering isetyenziswa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo, kubandakanya ukuveliswa kweeseramikhi eziphambili, izixhobo ezisebenzayo, kunye nee-composites. Iluncedo ngakumbi kwizixhobo ezinamaqondo aphezulu okunyibilika, izinto ezintsonkothileyo, okanye ukungakwazi ukunyibilika okulinganiselweyo.
Ezinye iintlobo zeSintering ezi-4
Ngaphandle kweentlobo ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla, kukho ezinye iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokutshiza ezenziwe ngokwezicelo ezithile. Ezi ziquka ukutshiza nge-microwave, apho amandla e-microwave asetyenziselwa ukufudumeza nokutshiza izinto, kunye nokutshiza ngoxinzelelo, okudibanisa uxinzelelo kunye nobushushu ukuphucula uxinano.
Ukongeza, i-selective laser sintering (SLS) kunye ne-electron beam sintering (EBS) ziindlela zokuvelisa ezongeziweyo ezisebenzisa imisebe yamandla ukutshiza ngokukhetha izinto ezicoliweyo, umaleko ngomaleko, ukuvelisa izinto ezintsonkothileyo ezinemilinganiselo emithathu.
Uhlobo ngalunye lokusila lunezibonelelo ezikhethekileyo kwaye lukhethwa ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zezinto eziphathekayo, iziphumo ezifunwayo, kunye nezicelo ezithile.
Izicelo zeSintering
I-Sintering ifumana ukusetyenziswa okubanzi kumashishini ahlukeneyo ngenxa yokukwazi kwayo ukuguqula izinto ezicoliweyo zibe zizinto eziqinileyo ezineempawu eziphuculweyo. Makhe sihlolisise ezinye zeendawo eziphambili apho i-sintering isetyenziswa khona kakhulu:
1 - Iiseramikhi
Iiseramikhi zezinye zeendawo eziphambili apho ukuthungwa kwesinyithi kusetyenziswa kakhulu khona. Iiseramikhi ezithungwe ngesinyithi zibonisa amandla aphuculweyo oomatshini, ubulukhuni, kunye nokuzinza kobushushu. Ukuthungwa kwesinyithi kusetyenziswa ekuveliseni iithayile zeseramikhi, izixhobo zokucoca, izixhobo zokusika, izinto ezichasene nesinyithi, kunye nezithinteli zombane. Ngokulawula ngononophelo iiparameter zokuthungwa kwesinyithi, izixhobo zeseramikhi zinokufikelela kuxinano olufunekayo, ukuvuleka, kunye nolwakhiwo oluncinci lwezixhobo ezithile.
2 - I-Metallurgy
Kwizicelo zesinyithi, ukutshiza kusetyenziswa ukuvelisa uluhlu olubanzi lwezixhobo zesinyithi. Oku kuquka iigiya, iibheringi, iibhasingi, iindawo zeemoto, kunye nezixhobo zesakhiwo. Iipowder zesinyithi, ezifana nentsimbi, i-aluminium, kunye nentsimbi engatyiwayo, ziyaxinwa kwaye zitshizwe ukuvelisa iindawo eziqinileyo ezineempawu ezintle zoomatshini. Izixhobo zesinyithi ezitshizweyo zihlala zibonisa amandla aphezulu, ukumelana nokuguguleka, kunye nokuchaneka kobukhulu xa kuthelekiswa neendawo zemveli ezityhidiweyo.
3 - Ii-Composites
Ukusinta kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuvelisweni kwezinto ezidityanisiweyo, apho kuhlanganiswa izinto ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu ezahlukeneyo ukwenza izinto ezineempawu eziphuculweyo. Ekwenzeni izinto ezidityanisiweyo ze-metal matrix (ii-MMC) kunye nezinto ezidityanisiweyo ze-ceramic matrix (ii-CMC), ukusinta kusetyenziswa ukubopha izinto eziqinisayo, ezifana neefayibha okanye amasuntswana, kunye nezinto ezidityanisiweyo. Oku kwandisa amandla, ukuqina, kunye nokuqina kwezinto ezidityanisiweyo eziphumayo.
4 - Isinyithi sePowder
I-Powder metallurgy, isebe elikhethekileyo le-metallurgy, ixhomekeke kakhulu ekutshiseni. Ibandakanya ukuveliswa kwezinto zesinyithi ezivela kwi-metal powders. Ngeenkqubo ezifana nokuxinana kunye nokutshiseni, iindawo ezintsonkothileyo ezineemilo ezintsonkothileyo zinokwenziwa. I-Powder metallurgy isetyenziswa kakhulu kwishishini leemoto ukuvelisa iigiya, ii-camshafts, kunye nezihlalo zeevalvu, kunye nokwenza izixhobo zokusika kunye nezihluzi ezitshisiweyo.
5 - Ukwenziwa koShicilelo lwe-3D/Ukongeza
Ukusinta kudlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiindlela zokuvelisa ezongeziweyo ezifana nokusinta kwelaser ekhethiweyo (SLS) kunye nokusinta kwe-electron beam (EBS). Kule nkqubo, izinto ezicoliweyo zisinta ngokukhetha umaleko ngomnye nomnye, ngokusekelwe kuyilo lwedijithali, ukwenza izinto ezintsonkothileyo ezinemilinganiselo emithathu. Ukusinta kuvumela ukuhlanganiswa kunye nokubopha kwezinto ezicoliweyo, nto leyo ephumela kwiindawo ezixineneyo nezisebenzayo ngokupheleleyo. Le teknoloji isetyenziswa kumashishini ahlukeneyo, kubandakanya i-aerospace, ukhathalelo lwempilo, kunye ne-prototyping.
6 Ubunjineli be-Elektroniki kunye noMbane
Ukusinta kusetyenziselwa ukuvelisa izinto ze-elektroniki nezombane. Ekwenzeni izinto ze-elektroniki, ezifana nee-capacitors, ii-varistors, kunye nee-thermistors, ukusinta kusetyenziselwa ukubopha amasuntswana e-ceramic, okwenza izinto ezixineneyo neziqhuba umbane. Ukusinta kukwasetyenziswa ekwenziweni kwezinto ezidibana nombane, ukupakishwa kwe-semiconductor, kunye nezinto zebhodi yesekethe.
Le yimizekelo embalwa nje yeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa kwe-sintering. Le nkqubo isoloko iphononongwa kwaye ilungiswa ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno eziguqukayo zamashishini ahlukeneyo, nto leyo evumela ukuveliswa kwezixhobo kunye neenxalenye ezisebenza kakuhle.
Iingenelo zokuSintering
Ukusinta kunika iingenelo ezininzi ezenza ukuba ibe yindlela ekhethwayo yokuvelisa kwimizi-mveliso eyahlukeneyo. Makhe sihlolisise ezinye zeenzuzo eziphambili:
1 IiMilo Ezintsonkothileyo kunye noYilo Oluntsonkothileyo
Enye yeenzuzo ezibalulekileyo zokusila kukuba iyakwazi ukuvelisa izinto ezineemilo ezintsonkothileyo kunye noyilo oluntsonkothileyo. Ngokusebenzisa izinto ezicoliweyo, ukusila kuvumela ukwakheka kwamacandelo aneejometri ezintsonkothileyo ebekuya kuba nzima ukuzifeza kusetyenziswa iindlela zemveli zoomatshini. Olu kuguquguquka ekubumbeni kwenza kube lula ukuveliswa kwezinto ezenzelwe wena ngokwezicelo ezithile.
Iipropati ezi-2 eziPhuculweyo zoMatshini
Ukusinta kuphucula iipropati zoomatshini zezinto, nto leyo ephumela kwizixhobo ezineempawu zokusebenza ezigqwesileyo. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokusinta, amasuntswana ayanamathelana aze axinane, nto leyo ekhokelela ekubeni imveliso esintayo iqine, ibe lukhuni, kwaye ingagugi. Iindlela zokufudumeza ezilawulwayo kunye neendlela zokusasaza ezibandakanyeka ekusinta zinegalelo ekuphuhlisweni kwesakhiwo esixineneyo nesidibeneyo, nto leyo ephucula ukuthembeka koomatshini becandelo.
Izinto ezi-3 ezilungiselelwe wena
Ukusila kuvumela ukuhlanganiswa kweempuphu ezineemveliso ezahlukeneyo, okuvumela ukuveliswa kwezinto ezineepropati ezilungiselelwe wena. Ngokudibanisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeempuphu okanye ukufaka izongezo, kunokwenzeka ukutshintsha iimpawu zezinto ngokweemfuno ezithile. Oku kuguquguquka kokwakheka kuvula amathuba okwenza izinto eziphambili ezineemveliso eziphucukileyo, ezifana nee-alloys ezinamandla aphezulu okanye izinto ezineepropati ezithile zombane okanye zobushushu.
4 Ukusebenza kakuhle kweendleko
Ukusila yindlela yokwenza engabizi kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa neenkqubo zemveli zokunyibilikisa nokukhupha. Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezicoliweyo kunciphisa inkunkuma yezinto, njengoko umgubo ogqithisileyo unokuqokelelwa kwaye usetyenziswe kwakhona. Ukongeza, inkqubo yokusila ifuna ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okuphantsi kuba isebenza kumaqondo obushushu angaphantsi kweqondo lokunyibilika kwezinto. Amandla okuvelisa izinto ezikwimo ekufutshane ne-net anciphisa ngakumbi isidingo semisebenzi yoomatshini elandelayo, nto leyo ekhokelela ekongeni iindleko ngokubhekiselele ekusetyenzisweni kwezinto, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, kunye nokucubungula emva koko.
5 Ukuguquguquka ekukhetheni izinto
Ukusinta kunika ubuchule ekukhetheni izinto, kwamkela uluhlu olubanzi lwezinto ezisetyenziswayo. Ifanelekile kwiiseramikhi, iimetali, kunye nee-composites. Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezinto, kuquka ii-oxides, ii-carbides, ii-nitrides, kunye nee-alloys, zinokucutshungulwa ngokusinta. Oku kuhambelana kwezinto ezibanzi kuvumela ukuveliswa kwezinto ezahlukeneyo ezineempawu ezithile zezinto, okwenza ukusinta kube lukhetho olunomtsalane kumashishini amaninzi.
Iingenelo ze-Sintering ekubumbeni izinto ezintsonkothileyo, iipropati zoomatshini eziphuculweyo, ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto ezilungiselelwe wena, ukusebenza kakuhle kweendleko, kunye nokuguquguquka kwezinto zenza kube yinkqubo yokuvelisa exabisekileyo kumacandelo ahlukeneyo. Ngokusebenzisa ezi nzuzo, amashishini anokufezekisa imveliso esebenzayo, ukusebenza ngcono, kunye nokonga iindleko kwiinkqubo zawo zokuvelisa.
Kukho utshintsho oluninzi oluquka utshintsho oluntsonkothileyo lwendalo nolweekhemikhali. Iimpendulo zomzimba nezeekhemikhali ekutshiseni ipowder kuquka ukufuma okanye ukufuma kwamanzi okanye izinto eziphilayo, ukususwa kweegesi ezifunxwayo, ukunciphisa uxinzelelo, ukunciphisa ii-oxides eziphezulu zee-powder particles, ukufuduka kwezinto, ukuphinda kusetyenziswe icrystallization, ukukhula kweenkozo, njl. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukufunda nokuqonda ulwazi lokutshiseni njengomvelisi. Kwaye njengomthengi, ukufunda olu lwazi lusisiseko kunokusinceda ukuba sibe nengcamango elungileyo xa sikhetha iimveliso zokutshiseni.
Ukucoca izinto ezimdaka yinkqubo yendabuko neyinkimbinkimbi. Amaxesha aya phambili, kwaye iteknoloji yemveliso kunye nezixhobo zemveliso nazo zihlaziywa rhoqo. Gcina ulwazi olusisiseko kwaye ufunde ulwazi olutsha luyimfuneko kubasebenzi abanxulumene noshishino. Kwiminyaka eli-18 eyadlulayo.I-HENGKOIhlala igxininisa ekuziphuculeni rhoqo, inika abathengi iimveliso ezilungileyo kunye neenkonzo ezicingelayo, inceda abathengi kunye nophuhliso oluqhelekileyo. Sinethemba lokuba liqabane lakho elithembekileyo lexesha elide.
Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo (Imibuzo Ebuzwa Rhoqo)
Zeziphi izinto ezinokusikwa?
Uluhlu olubanzi lwezixhobo lunokufakelwa, kuquka iiseramikhi, iimetali, kunye nezinto ezidityanisiweyo. Imizekelo ibandakanya iipowder zeseramikhi ezifana ne-alumina kunye ne-zirconia, iipowder zesinyithi ezifana ne-iron kunyeizihluzi zentsimbi engagqwali ezisinkiweyokunye neempuphu ezidityanisiweyo eziqulethe izinto zokuqinisa ezifana neefayibha okanye amasuntswana.
Ziziphi iingenelo zokucoca i-sintering xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iindlela zokwenza izinto?
Ukusinta kunika iingenelo ezininzi kuneendlela zemveli zokwenza izinto. Kuvumela ukuveliswa kwezinto ezineemilo ezintsonkothileyo kunye noyilo oluntsonkothileyo, kunika iipropati eziphuculweyo zoomatshini, kwenza kube lula ukwenza izinto ngokwezifiso, kubiza kancinci ngenxa yokunciphisa inkunkuma yezinto, kwaye kwamkela iintlobo ngeentlobo zezinto ezisetyenziswayo kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa.
Ziziphi iindlela eziphambili zokusebenzisa i-sintering?
I-Sintering ifumana ukusetyenziswa kumashishini afana ne-ceramics, i-metallurgy, i-powder metallurgy, i-electronics, kunye ne-additive manufacturing. Isetyenziselwa ukuvelisa iithayile ze-ceramic, iindawo zeemoto, izinto zesinyithi, izixhobo zokusika, i-electronic ceramics, kunye nezinto eziprintiweyo nge-3D, phakathi kwezinye.
Ngaba kukho naziphi na izithintelo okanye imingeni ngokunyanga?
Ukusila kunemida kunye nemingeni ethile. Ukufikelela ekuxinaneni okufanayo kuyo yonke into kunokuba ngumceli mngeni, njengoko ukufudumala okungalinganiyo okanye ukusasazwa kwamasuntswana kunokubangela iziphene. Ukulawula ukukhula kweenkozo kunye nokuthintela ukuncitshiswa okugqithisileyo ngexesha lokusila nazo zizinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe. Ukongeza, ayizizo zonke izixhobo ezifanelekileyo ukusila ngenxa yamanqaku azo aphezulu okunyibilika okanye ukusabela emoyeni ojikelezileyo.
Ziziphi iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeendlela zokusila?
Kukho iintlobo ngeentlobo zeendlela zokusinta, kuquka ukusinta okuqinileyo, ukusinta okune-liquid-phase, ukusinta okusebenzayo, ukusinta nge-microwave, ukusinta okuncediswa kuxinzelelo, kunye neendlela ezikhethekileyo ezifana nokusinta nge-laser ekhethiweyo (SLS) kunye nokusinta nge-electron beam (EBS). Indlela nganye ineendlela zayo ezizodwa kwaye ikhethwa ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno ezithile zezinto kunye nokusetyenziswa kwazo.
Ukusila izinto kuphucula njani iimpawu zezinto?
Ukusila kuphucula iimpawu zezinto ngokukhuthaza ukubopha kunye nokuqina kweesuntswana. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokusila, iisuntswana ziyasasazeka, nto leyo ekhokelela ekwakhekeni kwentamo kunye noxinano oluphezulu. Oku kuphumela kwiipropati zoomatshini eziphuculweyo ezifana namandla, ubulukhuni, kunye nokumelana nokuguguleka. Ukongeza, ukusila kunokukhokelela ekuphuculweni kweempawu zombane, ubushushu, kunye neekhemikhali kuxhomekeke kwizixhobo kunye nokwakheka kwazo.
Ngaba iindawo ezisinkiweyo zinokucutshungulwa ngomatshini okanye ziqhubeke nokucutshungulwa?
Ewe, iindawo ezisinki zinokulungiswa okanye ukucutshungulwa okongezelelweyo, ukuba kuyimfuneko. Nangona ukucutshungulwa kunokufezekisa izinto ezimile kufutshane ne-net, kunokubakho iimeko apho ukucutshungulwa okungakumbi okanye ukucutshungulwa emva kokuyimfuneko ukuze kufezekiswe iinkcukacha ezifunekayo. Iinkqubo zokucutshungulwa ezifana nokusila, ukubhola, okanye ukugaywa zingasetyenziswa ukuze kufezekiswe imilinganiselo yokugqibela okanye ukugqitywa komphezulu.
Zithini izinto eziqwalaselwayo xa kusenziwa i-sintering?
Ukusinta ngokuqhelekileyo kuthathwa njengenkqubo yokuvelisa enobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo. Kusebenzisa amandla amancinci xa kuthelekiswa neendlela zokunyibilikisa nokuphosa, kwaye kunciphisa inkunkuma yezinto ngokuvumela ukusetyenziswa kwakhona kweempuphu ezigqithisileyo. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela impembelelo yokusingqongileyo yezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo, kunye nokuphathwa ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokulahlwa kwayo nayiphi na imveliso okanye inkunkuma eveliswa ngexesha lenkqubo.
Ukusila kunceda njani ekuphuhlisweni kwezinto eziphambili?
Ukusinta kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuphuhlisweni kwezinto eziphambili. Ngokukhetha ngononophelo nokulawula ukwakheka, ubungakanani bamasuntswana, kunye neeparamitha zokusinta, kunokwenzeka ukulungisa iimpawu zezinto eziphumayo. Oku kuvumela ukudalwa kwezinto eziphambili ezineempawu ezithile, ezifana nee-alloys ezisebenzayo, iiseramikhi ezisebenzayo, okanye izinto ezidityanisiweyo ezineempahla ezikhethekileyo.
Ukuba uneminye imibuzo okanye ungathanda ukunxibelelana noI-HENGKO,
nceda uzive ukhululekile ukunxibelelana nathi nge-imeyile kuka@hengko.com.
Singavuya ukukunceda kwaye sikunike naluphi na ulwazi olongezelelweyo onokulufuna.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Agasti-14-2020
